The 25 Most Famous Castles in the World: Iconic Fortresses You Must See

For centuries, the ideas and, even more so, the ideals symbolized by castles and embodied in them have been a catalyst for captivating imaginations. The very concept of a castle, for many—including me, I must confess—is inextricably linked with power (especially political and military), romance, mystery, and history.

1. Neuschwanstein Castle | Germany

High in the Bavarian Alps, Neuschwanstein Castle embodies the essence of a dream-come-true realm of fairy tales. From the mind of the enigmatic King Ludwig II during the 19th century, a period generally not associated with the medieval legends and Wagnerian operas that were his main inspirations, this ‘romantic' conception of a castle was meant to serve as the king's personal retreat and something of an homage to the earlier traditions of castle construction. With its soaring towers, exquisite turrets, and breathtaking mountain backdrop, Neuschwanstein can't help but inspire the same kind of shock-and-awe admiration that seemed to be the main goal of castle designers from the very beginning.

2. Edinburgh Castle | Scotland

From Castle Rock, an ancient volcanic plug, Edinburgh Castle commands the skyline of Scotland's capital. This iconic fortress has been at the center of Scotland's story for over 900 years, staging not just the history that many in Scotland remember or honor, but also the kind of dirty politics that would make Machiavelli nod in recognition, if not in approval. It's one of the best castles to visit in the UK, if not the best; if nothing else, just seeing the Scottish Crown Jewels and the legendary Stone of Destiny makes a trip to the castle worthwhile. To my knowledge, few, if any, castles in the UK offer as good a bundle of sights and stories.

3. Windsor Castle | England

Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest inhabited castle in the world, is a living symbol of the nearly 1,000 years of history associated with the British royal family. Founded in the 11th century by William the Conqueror, the castle has served as the residence for 41 different monarchs, including the current occupant of the throne, King Charles III. This grand edifice combines the architectural features of Gothic art and Georgian elegance and is home to such thoroughly engaging structures as St. George's Chapel, a magnificent chapel whose architecture inspires awe in all who see it, and the lavish State Apartments; in terms of architecture and the way it captures the viewer's imagination, Windsor Castle is hard to beat.

4. Alhambra | Spain

The Alhambra shimmers, a jewel of Islamic architecture sitting above the city of Granada. A towering presence since the mid-13th century, when the Nasrid dynasty built the “Red Fortress” (in Arabic, “Alhambra”), its intricate stucco work, peaceful precincts, and flowing fountains make the Alhambra one of the most historic (and beautiful) castles in the world. Nasrid Palaces (with the breathtaking Alhambra Court in between them), the imposing Alcazaba, and the quiet Generalife (the summer palace and gardens) are the most visited parts of the fortress. Enchanted beauty and a deeply layered history make the Alhambra an unfailingly mesmerizing experience. If you have any interest in history, art, or legend, you should see the Alhambra.

5. Château de Chambord | France

Set within the lush forests of the Loire Valley, the Château de Chambord is a breathtaking embodiment of French Renaissance grandeur. Built under the commission of King Francis I in 1519, this castle appears to have been constructed with two distinct architectural styles sandwiched together: it has the trappings of a medieval castle, yet it also exhibits the classical forms of Renaissance structures. Its most famous feature is its dizzyingly beautiful (and functionally ingenious) double helix staircase (probably designed, at least in part, by Leonardo da Vinci). Over 400 rooms of different shapes and sizes and a seemingly infinite number of (often upward) pathways invite guests to explore the castle and its grounds. Chambord as a whole, and its roof in particular, is one of the most ambitious artistic achievements of the French Renaissance.

6. Prague Castle | Czech Republic

Prague Castle, perched atop a hill with views over the beguiling city of Prague, is one of the world's largest ancient castles. Dating back to the 9th century, this sprawling complex, which some have called the “largest architectural monument in the world,” spans an area of nearly 70,000 square meters. The castle is a dazzling architectural blend of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque forms, with the nearby St. Vitus Cathedral, modeled after the famous St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, serving as the nearly symbolic apex of the castle's achievement in the art of architecture. The castle has long and tenaciously served as the residence of Czech kings, emperors, and, since the end of World War II, as the residence of Czech presidents. It is undoubtedly the seat of national pride. Indeed, Czechs and Slovaks share a considerable amount of resilience and pride in the face of numerous trials, both in the past and more recently.

As one walks through its grand courtyards and splendid halls, the history of the place comes alive, from the royal banquets to the political intrigues. The changing of the guard ceremony adds a nifty touch of pomp and circumstance, while the views of the city skyline are nothing short of panoramic. A history lover's paradise, the castle also offers casual visitors a heart-pounding glimpse into the Czech heritage that shapes them today. In the can-list of anyone's itinerary, this is one magical destination.

7. Bran Castle | Romania

Sitting on the verge of Transylvania, Bran Castle is forever associated with the puzzling legends of Count Dracula. While its connection to Bram Stoker's novel is slim, the castle's Gothic towers and shadowy corridors surely make it perfect material for a vampire story. Built in the 14th century as a defense fortress against invading armies, Bran Castle has served purposes military and royal. Today, it is one of the most famous castles in the world, if not quite the most famous, attracting tourists eager to explore its dark histories, medieval architecture, and the unfathomable myths that first puzzled observers hundreds of years ago.

8. Himeji Castle | Japan

Often praised as the most stunning stronghold in Japan, the Himeji Castle—known as the “White Heron Castle”—is a true representation of feudal Japanese architecture. Completed in 1609, this breathtaking construction has weathered wars, survived earthquakes, and defied modernity to come down to us in immaculate shape. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Himeji not only impresses its visitors with high-quality aesthetics but also represents the pinnacle of defensive architecture in Japan. In fact, wandering its many mazelike paths and towering keeps, you may well come to believe that it is the best-preserved historic castle in the entire world.

9. Palace of Versailles | France

A symbol of lavish absolutist monarchy, the Palace of Versailles ranks among the grandest edifices ever built. Louis XIV transformed the structure from a hunting lodge into an extraordinary symbol of political power at the center of France's—and indeed, Europe's—power network. Its sumptuous gardens, the gleaming Hall of Mirrors, and its architectural apartments are among the finest examples of Baroque architecture anywhere. At present, Versailles is one of the absolute must-see sights in the Paris area. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a testament to the grandeur of the French monarchy.

10. Castillo de San Marcos | USA

Located in St. Augustine, Florida, the Castillo de San Marcos has been standing watch over the shores as the oldest masonry fort in the continental United States. Constructed by the Spanish at the end of the 17th century, this star-shaped citadel was made to prevent pirate attacks and colonial contests. Since it was made from coquina stone, it was almost impregnable even after being attacked for hundreds of years. As one of the few famous castles in North America, it displays exclusively the military architecture of the colonial period. The existence of ghosts and hidden treasures of the fort spreads its delusion, apart from it becoming an interesting place to go to for history lovers.

11. Buda Castle | Hungary

Standing out over the Danube River gorge, Buda Castle is the main eye-catcher of the historical view of Budapest. In the 13th century, this gorgeous castle was initially built and has since been destroyed and restored numerous times, each time telling the story of the Hungarian people's struggles during that era. This fine Baroque palace, now the seat of the Hungarian History Museum and the Hungarian National Gallery, serves as both a major cultural attraction and a historical symbol. The very charm of Buda Castle, one of the top-notch Eastern European castles, comes mostly from the fantastic views, the wealth of history that it represents, and stories of bravery, war-stricken lovers, and the fighting spirit of the people. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and undoubtedly one of the most famous castles in the world.

12. Eltz Castle | Germany

It might sound poetic, but the Eltz Castle is situated in a valley that is covered with forests in real life. It’s a medieval masterpiece that has never been destroyed by war, and the same noble family has owned it for over 850 years. The elegance of its towers, wood-framed buildings, and the picturesque view it offers earns it a top position in the hearts of many from Germany. Eltz Castle, unlike other historic castles of the world, showcases the style and living standard of the medieval nobility, as it is the real furnishings and artifacts that are kept inside the castle. Eltz Castle has reached the top on the list of the most beautiful castles to visit for people who want to escape the masses. It’s where they can experience the most magical moments.

13. Mont Saint-Michel | France

Emerging abruptly from the sea, Mont Saint-Michel is truly a visual wonder of mystique and architectural genius. This religious building in the Gothic style, situated on a rocky isle in Normandy, has been a place for worshipping the God for over 1200 years. Nearly all year round, it is surrounded by tides and dunes. But with each flood tide, it becomes inhabitable and that makes it even more appealing. Mont Saint-Michel is not only one of the most recognized forts in the world but also one of the most awe-inspiring. It is told that Angel Michael gave the idea for the creation of the abbey, thus it is a location where history, devotion, and legend merge.

14. Pena Palace | Portugal

Straight from the glossary of fantasy stories, Pena Palace beautifies the scenery with its bright colors and imaginative construction. High in the Sintra mountains, this 19th-century Romanticist castle, designed by King Ferdinand II, merges and mingles Gothic, Moorish, and Renaissance elements into a fantastical creation of many colors and surprising effects. At a towering height of nearly 1,800 feet and an equally surreal depth of imaginative architecture, Pena Palace today offers breathtaking views over the lush landscape of Sintra. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most impressive palaces to visit in Portugal. That makes it a must-see among the most famous palaces in Europe.

15. Schönbrunn Palace | Austria

During the summer, the Schönbrunn Palace housed the Habsburgs, who were considered to be one of the powerful dynasties in the world, and thereby the Schönbrunn Palace became a symbol of splendor and power for the Imperial family in Vienna. With its magnificent Baroque style, vast gardens, and lavish interiors, the palace could easily rival the most luxurious European palaces. Constructed in the 17th century, Schönbrunn has been a witness to the royal life and reign, historical events, and the most important cultural developments over several centuries. As of today, it is at the top of Austria’s most visited attractions. It ranks among the most significant heritage places in the world as one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Schönbrunn Palace is a must-see for any history buff.

16. Mehrangarh Fort | India

Above the town of Jodhpur, which is also called the “Blue City”, the Mehrangarh Fort towers at a height of 400 feet and is among the most impressive and grand castles in India. Initially constructed in the 15th century by Rao Jodha, this gigantic structure comprises thick walls, extremely beautiful palaces with the most intricate carvings, and which are quite spacious. These palaces portray the Rajput courage, royal magnificence, and antiquity stories, such as the curse that is said to haunt their foundations. As one of the most fabulous castles in Asia, Mehrangarh gives its visitors an opportunity to take in the magnificent panoramic views, look through the various sections of a museum, and venture deeper into the long history and colorful culture of Rajasthan.

17. Castel del Monte | Italy

Simple and mathematically accurate, Castel del Monte recreates a peculiar octagon of Europe’s renown for unique castles. Commissioned by Emperor Frederick II in the 13th century, this UNESCO World Heritage Site in Apulia is shrouded in symbolism and speculation. Unlike a usual medieval fortress, the castle has no defensive moat or walls. This, in turn, has led historians to differ in opinions about the purpose of the building—is it a hunting lodge, a temple, or a statement of the imperial power of a ruler? The diversified use of the classical, Islamic, and Gothic styles is what makes Castel del Monte an amazing architectural mystery both for architecture fans and for the lovers of history.

18. Château de Chillon | Switzerland

Nestled on the shores of Lake Geneva, Château de Chillon is Switzerland’s most famous castle. This medieval castle has been used as a fortress, residence, and toll station throughout a history that reaches back to the time of the Romans. It is in this picturesque setting, surrounded by water and mountains, that the castle became the focal point for artists and writers, one of whom was Lord Byron, who even wrote a poem about it, “The Prisoner of Chillon.” Going down into dungeons, strolling through massive halls, and walking in the courtyards, enjoying the beautiful scenery, all come up with the most amazing views. In addition to being an excellent place to experience Swiss culture, the castle also makes a significant contribution to the local countryside's economy. As one of the best castles to visit in Switzerland, it beautifully merges natural scenery with rich history.

19. Larnach Castle | New Zealand

Sitting on the stunning Otago Peninsula, Larnach Castle is the only castle in New Zealand, a unique blend of Scottish baronial architecture and colonial style. Built by merchant and politician William Larnach in 1871, the castle is famous for its tragic family history, the beautiful architecture, which was lavishly decorated, and the gardens that have since been restored. Some eerie rumors of ghosts surround the place, lending an aura of mystery to this gem in the southern hemisphere. The castle is now a symbol of a Victorian's dream and one of the world's most unique castles. It allows the visitors to see the coast and relive New Zealand's colonial past.

20. Blarney Castle | Ireland

Drenched in story and embraced by lovely gardens, Blarney Castle is one of the most adored national symbols of Ireland. Constructed by the MacCarthy family some 600 years ago, it’s the birthplace of the globally famous Blarney Stone—a legendary stone said to confer upon the kissers the gift of eloquence. Apart from the stone, those who come to the castle have the possibility to marvel at the magnificent battlements, view the mysterious rock formations that jut up all around the edifice, and the alluring Poison Garden. The blend of legendary tales, history, and the splendid nature in the backdrop has made Blarney Castle one of the world’s most visited castles and travelers simply love it.

21. Kilkenny Castle | Ireland

Kilkenny Castle standing on the banks of the river Nore is a vivid representation of Norman influence in Ireland. From 1195 this fortress had been a medieval castle and then through several centuries has turned into a richly decorated country residence. Formerly owned by the influential Butler family, Kilkenny Castle has been an example of very different architectural styles, showing the passage of time. Those who come here now can take a walk around the halls that have been renovated in a Victorian manner, the broad meadows and the medieval turrets. Also have a look at one of the most beautiful castles of the country and feel the era of the island’s serfdom and the bourgeoisie region.

22. Osaka Castle | Japan

Often referred to as a symbol of Japan’s unity, Osaka Castle is one of the most well-loved places in the country. Osaka Castle was built in the 16th century by the general Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The palace played a pivotal role in Japanese history as it was the center of many historical events in Japan. Although it has been destroyed and reconstructed multiple times, the present building is of a genius design surrounded by moats, stone walls, and cherry blossom trees. On the inside in a state-of-the-art museum, visitors will learn the stories of samurai battles and the exercise of feudal power. As a major landmark in Asia, Osaka Castle marries history with the beauty of nature very well.

23. Catherine Palace | Russia

Catherine Palace is one of the best examples of Russian Rococo architecture and it is stunning in blue and gold. The palace is located in Tsarskoye Selo, near St. Petersburg city of Russia. The palace has been the summer residence of the Russian tsars. The empress Elizabeth was the one who ordered the palace to be built and hence it was named after her mother, Catherine I. The palace is renowned for its opulent interiors, including the distinctive Amber Room, often referred to as “The Eighth Wonder of the World”. Thanks to the Imperial Russia's lavishness, Catherine Palace is one of the famous castles in the world and has, therefore, become a must-visit for art, history, and mystery enthusiasts.

24. Castillo San Felipe de Barajas | Colombia

Located in the city of Cartagena, Castillo San Felipe de Barajas represents the Spanish colonial military engineering at its best. Built in the 16th century, this castle was intended to protect the city from pirates and marauders, and it never failed in that mission. The huge walls with a network of secret passages, strategic defense posts, and powerful guns made it the most impregnable fortress ever built in America. Its localization offers panoramic views over the city of Cartagena. As one of the most popular castles to visit in South America, it allows you to dive deep into Colombia's colonial history.

25. Paronella Park Castle | Australia

Paronella Park Castle is one of the most romantic ruins you can visit in the world. It is a product of a person’s fantasy. This whimsical castle was built in the 1930s by José Paronella, a Spanish immigrant, as a dedication to his spouse. The castle has a beautiful ballroom, many gardens and waterfalls. Despite being reclaimed by nature and losing its touch of time, the park still has that magical quality that captures every passerby. Just second to none in the world, Paronella Park is a bright tale of love, persistence, and creativity still awfully hidden and unique on this whole list of the most famous castles in the world.

Final Thoughts: Why You Should Visit These Iconic Castles

These 25 famous castles are not just magnificent architectural buildings. They are also significant reminders of our common past, architectural innovation, and cultural heritage. Each castle, starting from the fairytale towers of Neuschwanstein to the romantic ruins of Paronella Park Castle, narrates a different story of the nation that built it. And not only have these impressive structures have served as fortified military outposts or royal residences, but far more often, they have acted as national icons and artistic muses.

Have you visited at least one of the castles mentioned above? If you have, please share your experience with us in the comments below!

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